The concept of a growth mindset was developed by psychologist Prof Carol Dweck and popularized in her book, Mindset: The New Psychology of Success. In her book she provides a growth mindset definition.

Dweck’s work identified that people adopt one of two types of mindsets: “fixed” and “growth.” In a fixed mindset, people believe their basic qualities, like their intelligence or talent, are simply fixed traits.  They believe that talent alone creates success. Whereas, people with a more persistent growth mindset believe that they can substantially change their intelligence and personality with effort.

Dweck’s research suggests that when people adopt a FIXED MINDSET — the belief that they are either smart or talented or not and there is no way to change this — may learn less than they could while also shying away from challenges.  Dweck’s findings also suggest that when people with fixed mindsets fail at something, as we all inevitably will, they tend to tell themselves they can’t or won’t be able to do it (“I just can’t learn to play music”), or they make excuses to rationalize the failure (“I would have passed the test if I had a better teacher”).

Alternatively, in a GROWTH MINDSET, people believe that their most basic abilities can be developed through dedication and hard work—brains and talent are just the starting point. This view creates a love of learning and a resilience that is essential for great accomplishment.  People who embrace growth mindsets—the belief that they can become smarter if they work hard and persevere—may learn more and view challenges and failures as opportunities to improve and grow.